Megalithic Sites
Megaliths are not unique to Ireland - they can be found in western Europe, in Spain, Portugal, western France, Denmark, Ireland, parts of Wales and Scotland even in Russia. Nevertheless, with over 1500 recorded megalithic tombs still in existence in Ireland, it is an important aspect of Irish history. Not only do the megaliths provide many artefacts such as burial objects, but by digging into their constituent material scientists can learn about the climate and vegetation that existed at the time they were built. In Ireland there are four types of megalithic tombs: court cairns, passage tombs, wedge tombs and portal tombs (dolmens).
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Irish Cottages
There are more thatched roofs in the UK and Ireland than in any other European country. The tradition of thatching has been passed down from generation to generation for thousands of years. Thatch has probably been used to cover roofs in Europe since the Neolithic period, when people first began to grow cereals. Wild vegetation, especially water reed, was probably used before this but no records or archaeological evidence for this have survived.
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Monastic Sites
Irish monasteries contributed to the European culture in several specific ways. First, they taught illustration, illumination and calligraphy. Second, they commissioned a host of metal artworks from metalworkers and metallurgical artists, ranging from adornments for biblical manuscripts to ecclesiastical artifacts. Thirdly, monastic culture encouraged Irish sculptors by its commissioning of numerous Celtic High Cross sculptures on monastic sites. These biblical sculptures - constructed during the period c.750-1150 represent the largest body of free-standing sculpture created between the collapse of Rome and the Early Renaissance era.
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